कृष्ण [ kṛṣṇa ] [ kṛṣṇá ]1 m. f. n. black , dark , dark-blue ( opposed to [ śvetá ] , [ śuklá ] , [ róhita ] , and [ aruṇá ] ) Lit. RV. Lit. AV.

wicked , evil Lit. Vop. vii , 82

[ kṛṣṇa ] m. ( with or without [ pakṣa ] ) the dark half of the lunar month from full to new moon Lit. Mn. Lit. Yājñ. Lit. Bhag. Lit. Suśr.

the fourth or Kali-yuga Lit. L.

black (the colour) or dark-blue (which is often confounded with black by the Hindūs) Lit. L.

the antelope Lit. RV. x , 94 , 5 Lit. VS. Lit. TS. Lit. ŚBr. Lit. BhP.

a kind of animal feeding on carrion Lit. AV. xi , 2 , 2 ( [ kṛṣṇá ] )

the Indian cuckoo or Kokila ( cf. Lit. R. ii , 52 , 2) Lit. L.

a crow Lit. L.

Carissa Carandas Lit. L.

N. of one of the poets of the Lit. RV. (descended from Aṅgiras) Lit. RV. viii , 85 , 3 and 4 Lit. ŚāṅkhBr. xxx , 9

(a son of Devakī and pupil of Ghora Āṅgirasa) Lit. ChUp. iii , 17 , 6

N. of a celebrated Avatār of the god Vishṇu , or sometimes identified with Vishṇu himself ( ( Lit. MBh. v , 2563 ; xiv , 1589 ff. Lit. Hariv. 2359 ) ) as distinct from his ten Avatārs or incarnations ( in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher ( Lit. MBh. Lit. Bhag. ) ; in the more recent he is deified , and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand ; the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in Lit. Hariv. 3304 ff. and in the Purāṇas : Vasu-deva , who was a descendant of Yadu and Yayāti , had two wives , Rohiṇī and Devakī ; the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was Kṛishṇa ; Kaṃsa , king of Mathurā and cousin of Devakī , was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him ; he therefore kept Vasu-deva and his wife in confinement , and slew their first six children ; the seventh was Balarāma who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of Devakī and transferred to that of Rohiṇī ; the eighth was Kṛishṇa who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast ; his father Vasu-deva managed to escape from Mathurā with the child , and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named Nanda whose wife Yaśo-dā had just been delivered of a son which Vasu-deva conveyed to Devakī after substituting his own in its place. Nanda with his wife Yaśo-dā took the infant Kṛishṇa and settled first in Gokula or Vraja , and afterwards in Vṛindāvana , where Kṛishṇa and Bala-rāma grew up together , roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons ; Kṛishṇa as a youth contested the sovereignty of Indra , and was victorious over that god , who descended from heaven to praise Kṛishṇa , and made him lord over the cattle ( Lit. Hariv. 3787 ff. ; 7456 ff. Lit. VP. ) ; Kṛishṇa is described as sporting constantly with the Gopīs or shepherdesses ( Lit. Hariv. 4078 ff. ; 8301 ff. Lit. VP. Lit. Gīt. ) of whom a thousand became his wives , though only eight are specified , Rādhā being the favourite ( Lit. Hariv. 6694 ff. ; 9177 ff. Lit. VP. ) ; Kṛishṇa built and fortified a city called Dvārakā in Gujarāt , and thither transported the inhabitants of Mathurā after killing Kaṃsa ; Kṛishṇa had various wives besides the Gopīs , and by Rukmiṇī had a son Pradyumna who is usually identified with Kāma-deva ; with Jains , Kṛishṇa is one of the nine black Vasu-devas ; with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons , who are the enemies of Buddha and the white demons) ( 306,2 )

N. of an attendant in Skanda's retinue Lit. MBh. ix , 2559

of an Asura Lit. Hariv. 12936 Lit. Sāy. on Lit. RV. i , 101 , 1

of a king of the Nāgas Lit. MBh. ii , 360 Lit. DivyA7v. ii

of Arjuna (the most renowned of the Pāṇḍu princes , so named apparently from his colour as a child) Lit. MBh. iv , 1389

of Vyāsa Lit. MBh. Lit. Hariv. 11089

of Hārita see [ -hārita ]

of a son of Śuka by Pīvarī (teacher of the Yoga) Lit. Hariv. 980 ff.

of a pupil of Bharad-vāja Lit. Kathās. vii , 15

of Havir-dhāna Lit. Hariv. 83 Lit. VP. Lit. BhP. iv , 24 , 8

of a son of Arjuna Lit. Hariv. 1892

of an adopted son of A-samañjas , Lit. 2039

of a chief of the Andhras Lit. VP.

of the author of a Comm. on the Lit. MBh.

of a poet

of the author of a Comm. on the Dayā-bhāga

of the son of Keśavârka and grandson of Jayâditya

of the father of Tāna-bhaṭṭa and uncle of Raṅga-nātha

of the father of Dāmôdara and uncle of Malhaṇa

of the father of Prabhūjīka and uncle of Vidyā-dhara

of the father of Madana

of the grammarian Rāma-candra

of the son of Vāruṇêndra and father of Lakshmaṇa

of the father of Hīra-bhaṭṭa (author of the Comm. called Carakabhāshya , and of the work Sāhitya-sudhā-samudra)

N. of a hell Lit. VP.

[ kṛṣṇau ] m. du. Kṛishṇa and Arjuna Lit. MBh. i , 8287 ; iii , 8279

[ kṛṣṇa ] m. pl. N. of the Śūdras in Śālmala-dvīpa Lit. VP.

[ kṛṣṇā ] f. a kind of leech Lit. Suśr.

a kind of venomous insect Lit. ib.

N. of several plants (Piper longum Lit. L. ; the Indigo plant Lit. L. ; a grape Lit. L. ; a Punar-navā with dark blossoms Lit. L. ; Gmelina arborea Lit. L. ; Nigella indica Lit. L. ; Sinapis ramosa Lit. L. ; Vernonia anthelminthica Lit. L. ; = [ kākolī ] Lit. L. ; a sort of Sārivā Lit. L.) Lit. Suśr.

a kind of perfume (= [ parpaṭī ] ) Lit. Bhpr.

N. of Draupadī Lit. MBh.

of Durgā Lit. MBh. iv , 184

of one of the seven tongues of fire Lit. L. Sch.

of one of the mothers in Skanda's retinue Lit. MBh. ix , 2640

of a Yoginī Lit. Hcat.

( with or without [ gaṅgā ] ) N. of the river Kistna Lit. MBh. xiii , 4888 Lit. PadmaP. Lit. NārP.

[ kṛṣṇī ] f. night Lit. RV. vii , 71 , 1

[ kṛṣṇa ] n. blackness , darkness , Lit. i , 123 , 1 and 9

m. the black part of the eye Lit. ŚBr. x , xii , xiii , xiv Lit. Suśr.

the black spots in the moon Lit. TBr. i , 2 , 1 , 2

a kind of demon or spirit of darkness Lit. RV. iv , 16 , 13

black pepper Lit. L.

black Agallochum Lit. L.

iron Lit. L.

lead Lit. L.

antimony Lit. L.

blue vitriol Lit. L.

( ( cf. [ kā́rṣṇa ] , ; cf. also Russ. (c8ernyi) , " black. " ) )