यदि [ yadi ] [ yádi ] ind. ( in Veda also [ yádī ] , sometimes [ yadi cit ] , [ yadi ha vai ] , [ yádī́t ] , [ yády u ] , [ yady u vai ] ) if , in case that Lit. RV. In the earlier language [ yadi ] may be joined with Indic. Subj. or Leṭ Pot. , or Fut. , the consequent clause of the conditional sentence being generally without any particle. In the later language [ yadi ] may be joined with Pres. (followed in consequent clause by another Pres. e.g. [ yadi jīvati bhadrāṇi paśyati ] , " if he lives he beholds prosperity " , or by fut. or by Impv. or by Pot. or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Pot. (e.g. [ yadi rājā daṇḍaṃ na praṇayet ] , " if the king were not to inflict punishment " , followed by another Pot. or by Cond. or by Pres. or by Impv. or by fut. or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with fut. (e.g. [ yadi na kariṣyanti tat ] , " if they will not do that " , followed by another fut. or by Pres. or by Impv. or by no verb) ; or it may be joined with Cond. (e.g. [ yady anujñām adāsyat ] , " if he should give permission " , followed by another Cond. or by Pot. or by aor.) ; or it may be joined with aor. (e.g. [ yadi prajā-patir na vapur arsrākṣīt ] , " if the Creator had not created the body " , followed by Cond. or by Pot. or by pf.) ; or it may be joined with Impv. or even with pf. (e.g. [ yady āha ] , " if he had said " ) . There may be other constructions , and in the consequent clauses some one of the following may be used: [ atha ] , [ atra ] , [ tad ] , [ tena ] , [ tatas ] , [ tataḥ param ] , [ tadā ] , [ tarhi ] , [ tadānīm ] . Observe that [ yadi ] may sometimes = " as sure as " ( esp. in asseverations , followed by Impv. with or without [ tathā ] or [ tena ] or followed by Pot. with [ tad ] ) Lit. MBh. Lit. Kāv. ; or it may = " whether " (followed by Pres. or Pot. or no verb e.g. [ yadi-na vā ] , " whether-or not " , and sometimes [ kim ] is added) Lit. ib. ; or it may = " that " (after verbs of " not believing " or " doubting " , with Pres. or Pot. e.g. [ nāśaṃse yadi jīvanti ] , " I do not expect that they are alive " cf. Lit. Pāṇ. 3-3 , 147 Sch.) ; or if placed after [ duṣkaraṃ ] or [ kathaṃ cid ] it may = " hardly " , " scarcely " Lit. MBh. Lit. R. ; or it may = " if perchance " , " perhaps " ( with Pot. with or without [ iti ] , or with fut. or pres.) Lit. MBh. Lit. Kāv. The following are other combinations: [ yadi tāvat ] , " how would it be if " ( with Pres. or Impv.) ( 844,3 )

  [ yadi nāma ] , " if ever "

  [ yadi cet ] ( [ cet ] being added redundantly) = " if " (e.g. [ yadi cet syāt ] , " if it should be " )

  [ purā yadi ] = " before " (e.g. [ purā yadi paśyāmi ] , " before that I see " )

  [ yády ápi ] ( rarely [ api yadi ] ) , " even if " , " although " (followed by [ tathāpi ] or [ tad api ] or sometimes by no particle in the correlative clause)

  [ yadi ] - [ yadi ca-yady api ] , " if - and if - if also "

  [ yádi ] - [ yádi-vā ] , or [ yádi vā ] - [ yádi vā ] , or [ yádi vā ] - [ yádi ] , or [ yadi vā ] - [ vā ] , or [ vā ] - [ yadi vā ] , or [ yad vā ] - [ yadi vā ] , " if - or if " , " whether - or "

  [ yádi vā ] - [ ná vā ] , " whether - or not "

  [ vā ] - [ yadi vā ] - [ yadi vā-tathāpi ] , " whether - or - or - yet "

  [ vā yadi ] = " or if " , " or rather "

  [ yadi vā ] id. or = " yet " , " however. "