Словарь санскрита

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गन्धर्व

गन्धर्व /gandharva/ m. pl. разряд добрых полубогов — небесные певцы и музыканты

существительное, м.р.

sg.du.pl.
Nom.gandharvaḥgandharvaugandharvāḥ
Gen.gandharvasyagandharvayoḥgandharvāṇām
Dat.gandharvāyagandharvābhyāmgandharvebhyaḥ
Instr.gandharveṇagandharvābhyāmgandharvaiḥ
Acc.gandharvamgandharvaugandharvān
Abl.gandharvātgandharvābhyāmgandharvebhyaḥ
Loc.gandharvegandharvayoḥgandharveṣu
Voc.gandharvagandharvaugandharvāḥ



Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

गन्धर्व [ gandharva ] [ gandharvá m. a Gandharva ( though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class , yet in Lit. RV. rarely more than one is mentioned ; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva ( [ divyá g ] Lit. RV. ix , 86 , 36 and x , 139 , 5) , and is also called Viśvā-vasu ( Lit. RV. x , 85 , 21 and 22 ; 139 , 4 and 5) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. Lit. RV. iii , 38 , 6) ; his habitation is the sky , or the region of the air and the heavenly waters ( Lit. RV. i , 22 , 14 ; viii , 77 , 5 ; ix , 85 , 12 ; 86 , 36 ; x , 10 , 4 Lit. AV. ii , 2 , 3) ; his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma ( Lit. RV. ix , 83 , 4 and 85 , 12) , which the gods obtain through his intervention ( Lit. RV. Lit. AV. vii , 73 , 3 ; cf. Lit. RV. i , 22 , 14) ; it is obtained for the human race by Indra , who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force ( Lit. RV. viii , 1 , 11 and 77 , 5) ; the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician , because the Soma is considered as the best medicine ; possibly , however , the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called , but the moon , and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon ; in one passage ( Lit. RV. ix , 86 , 36) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified ; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses ( Lit. i , 163 , 2 ; x , 177 , 2 ; cf. Lit. 135 , 5) ; he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ( Lit. x , 139 , 5 and 6 Lit. AV. ii , 1 , 2 ; xx , 128 , 3 Lit. VS. xi , 1 ; xxxii , 9) ; he is the parent of the first pair of human beings , Yama and Yamī ( Lit. RV. x , 10 , 4) , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them ( Lit. RV. x , 85 , 21 and 22 ; 40 and 41) ; for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies ( Lit. AV. xiv , 2 , 35 and 36) ; ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva ( cf. [ -gṛhīta ] , [ -graha ] ) ; the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva ; they live in the sky ( Lit. RV. Lit. AV. Lit. ŚBr. xiv) , guard the Soma ( Lit. RV. ix , 113 , 3 Lit. ŚBr. iii Lit. AitBr. i , 27) , are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Āpsarasas are governed by Soma) Lit. ŚBr. xiii Lit. ĀśvŚr. x , 7 , 3, know the best medicines ( Lit. AV. viii , 7 , 23 Lit. VS. xii , 98) , regulate the course of the asterisms ( Lit. AV. xiii , 1 , 23 Lit. BhP. iv , 29 , 21 ; hence twenty-seven are mentioned Lit. VS. ix , 7) , follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them ( Lit. AV. Lit. ŚBr. iii) ; as soon as a girl becomes marriageable , she belongs to Soma , the Gandharvas , and Agni ( Lit. Gṛihyās. ii , 19 f. Lit. Pañcat. Lit. Suśr.) ; the wives of the Gandharvas are the Āpsarasas ( cf. [ gandharvāpsarás ] ) , and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice ( Lit. AV. vii , 109 , 5) ; they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākshasas , Kimīdins , Piśācas , , amulets being worn as a protection against them ( Lit. AV. Lit. Suśr.) ; they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc ( Lit. ŚBr. iii ; cf. Lit. PārGṛ. ii , 12 , 2) , and are called the preceptors of the Ṛishis ( Lit. ŚBr. xi) ; Purūravas is called among them ( Lit. ib.) ; in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers ( cf. Lit. RV. x , 177 , 2) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods , and they belong together with the Āpsarasas to Indra's heaven , sharing also in his battles ( Lit. Yājñ. i , 71 Lit. MBh. Lit. Hariv. ; cf. Lit. RTL. p.238) ; in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods , manes , Gandharvas Lit. AV. xi , 5 , 2 ; or gods , Asuras , Gandharvas , men Lit. TS. vii , 8 , 25 , 2 ; cf. Lit. ŚBr. x ; or gods , men , Gandharvas , Āpsarasas , Sarpas , and manes Lit. AitBr. iii , 31 , 5 ; for other enumerations cf. Lit. Nir. iii , 8 Lit. Mn. i , 37 ( Lit. RTL. p.237 ) Lit. &iii , 196;vii , 23 ; xii , 47 Lit. Nal. ) ; divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished ( Lit. TUp. ii , 8 ; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated Lit. MBh. i , 2550 ff. and 4810 ff.) ; another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas ( Lit. TĀr. i , 9 , 3) ; the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha ( Lit. Bhag. x , 26) ; they are called the creatures of Prajāpati ( Lit. Mn. i , 37) or of Brahmā ( Lit. Hariv. 11793) or of Kaśyapa ( Lit. 11850) or of the Munis ( Lit. MBh. i , 2550 Lit. Hariv. 11553) or of Prādhā ( Lit. MBh. i , 2556) or of Arishṭā ( Lit. Hariv. 234 Lit. VP. i , 21) or of Vāc ( Lit. PadmaP.) ; with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras )

N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī Lit. L.

a singer Lit. VarBṛS. lxxxvii , 33 Lit. BhP. i , 11 , 21

the Koïl or black cuckoo Lit. L.

a sage , pious man Lit. Mahīdh. on Lit. VS. xxxii , 9

a horse Lit. MBh. iii , 11762

cf. Lit. ii , 1043

the musk deer derived fr. [ gandha ] ) Lit. L.

the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost) Lit. L.

N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world Lit. VāyuP. i , 21 , 30

of the 21st Muhūrta Lit. Sūryapr.

of a Svara or tone for [ gāndhāra ] ?) Lit. Hariv. ii , 120 , 4

[ gandharva m. pl. the Gandharvas (see above )

m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras) Lit. R. vii , 100 , 10 f. and 101 , 2 ff. and 11 Lit. VarBṛS. xiv , 31

[ gandharvā f. Durgā Lit. Hariv. ii , 120 , 4 (v.l. [ gāndharvī ] )

[ gandharvī f. Gandharvī (daughter of Surabhi and mother of the race of horses Lit. MBh. i , 2631 f. Lit. R. iii , 20 , 28 f. Lit. VāyuP.) Lit. RV. x , 11 , 2 Lit. R.

[ gandharva m. night Lit. BhP. iv , 29 , 21

( ( cf. Gk. 1 fr. 2. ) )

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