तपस् [ tapas ] [ tápas ] n. warmth , heat ( [ pañca tapāṃsi ] , the 5 fires to which a devotee exposes himself in the hot season , viz. 4 fires lighted in the four quarters and the sun burning from above Lit. Mn. vi , 23 Lit. R. Lit. BhP. iv Lit. BrahmaP. ; cf. Lit. Ragh. xiii , 41) Lit. RV. Lit. AV. Lit. VS. Lit. ŚāṅkhŚr.

  pain , suffering Lit. RV. vii , 82 , 7

  religious austerity , bodily mortification , penance , severe meditation , special observance (e.g. " sacred learning " with Brāhmans , " protection of subjects " with Kshatriyas , " giving alms to Brāhmans " with Vaiśyas , " service " with Śūdras , and " feeding upon herbs and roots " with Ṛishis Lit. Mn. xi , 236) Lit. RV. ix , 113 , 2

  Lit. x (personified , Lit. 83 , 2 f. & 101 , 1, " father of Manyu " Lit. RAnukr.) Lit. AV.

  ( m. Lit. L.) N. of a month intervening between winter and spring Lit. VS. Lit. TS. i Lit. ŚBr. iv Lit. Suśr. Lit. Pāṇ. 4-4 , 128 Vārtt. 2 Lit. Pat. Lit. Śiś. vi , 63

  the hot season Lit. L. Sch.

  = [ °po-loka ] Lit. Vedântas. 120

  the 9th lunar mansion ( [ dharma ] ) Lit. VarBṛ. i , 19 ; ix , 1 and 4

  N. of a Kalpa period Lit. VāyuP. i , 21 , 27.